![]() However, when the COVID-19 pandemic struck, many undocumented migrant domestic workers (UMDWs) were badly affected. Despite the double precarity that comes with being undocumented and working in the underground economy, many have been able to achieve socio-economic mobility for themselves and their family members in the Philippines. Migrants say it is a physically demanding yet materially rewarding job, because they can earn between €10 and €15 per hour. ![]() Most of them work informally for multiple households in the private domestic sector. There may be up to 30,000 undocumented Filipino migrants in the Netherlands. But community solidarity alone cannot be enough. Lalaine Siruno (United Nations University) explains how the Filipino migrant community in the Netherlands have done a great deal to help their undocumented compatriots, who are excluded from formal social protection mechanisms. It transcends borders, hanggang sa ibang bayan (all the way to other towns or countries). Bayanihan, the much-cherished Filipino spirit of solidarity, civic unity and cooperation, is not confined to the bayan (town or country). ![]()
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